Fast formation of anode-free Li-metal batteries by pulsed current
Reference:
Cicvarić, K., Merker, L., Zhang, B., Gaberšček, M. and Stein, H.S., 2023. Fast formation of anode-free Li-metal batteries by pulsed current.
PI-KEM Product referenced:
Coin Cell Components
Abstract:
Anode-free Li-metal batteries offer high energy density but are prone to dendrite formation during charging which can cause catastrophic failures. Ensuring dendrite-free smooth Li deposits during charging is therefore necessary. Suppressing dendrite growth can be achieved by pulsed current charging, especially during the formation cycle that largely determines the corrosion trajectory of a cell. As opposed to the constant-current technique, pulsed current techniques apply intermittently stopped current flows. This work investigates the electroplating of metallic Li onto a Cu foil current collector under constant-current and pulsed current formation protocols. In addition to smoother, less resistive electroplated metallic Li deposits and increased Coulombic efficiency, we show that by employing an optimized pulsed current formation protocol, the formation process is accelerated by a factor of 2 compared to a C/20 protocol. Finally, by employing a simple regression coupled to experimentation, we propose the pseudo-IR-drop to be used for live adjustment of pulsed current protocols i.e., individually approach each cell at all SOC during formation
Authors:
Katarina Cicvarić1,, Leon Merker1, Bojing Zhang1, Fuzhan Rahmanian1, Miran Gaberšček2,Helge Sören Stein1,3,
Organisation / Department Address:
1 Helmholtz Institute Ulm & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Applied Electrochemistry Group, Lise-Meitner Str. 16, 89081 Ulm Germany
2 National Institute of Chemistry, Department of Materials Chemistry, Hajdrihova ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
3 present address: Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Munich Data Science Institute, 85748 Garching bei München,Germany
*correspondence should be addressed to: katarina.cicvaric@kit.edu, helge.stein@tum.de
